Ar-Risalah
Hadith

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) enjoined Zakat al-Fitr as one Sā‘ of dates or one Sā‘ of barley on the slave and the free person, the male and the female, the young and the old from among the Muslims. He ordered that it be given before the people go out to the prayer

Source: HadeethEnc.com, English v1.25.0

AuthenticAgreed upon

Arabic text

عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَاةَ الفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، عَلَى العَبْدِ وَالحُرِّ، وَالذَّكَرِ وَالأُنْثَى، وَالصَّغِيرِ وَالكَبِيرِ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَمَرَ بِهَا أَنْ تُؤَدَّى قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ النَّاسِ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ.

Translation

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) enjoined Zakat al-Fitr as one Sā‘ of dates or one Sā‘ of barley on the slave and the free person, the male and the female, the young and the old from among the Muslims. He ordered that it be given before the people go out to the prayer.

Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) made Zakat al-Fitr obligatory after Ramadan. Its amount is one Sā’, which is equivalent to four Mudds in weight. One Mudd: two handfuls of an average person of dates or barley due on every Muslim, free or slave, male or female, young or old. This applies to one who has enough surplus beyond his needs for the day and night, for himself and for those whom he provides for. He commanded that it be given before the people go out to the Eid prayer.

Benefits

  • Zakat al-Fitr from Ramadan must be paid on behalf of the young and the old, the free and the slave. It is entrusted to the guardian and the master, and a man should give it on behalf of himself, his children, and those whom he is obligated to provide for.
  • It is not obligatory to give Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of the fetus; rather, it is recommended.
  • Clarifying what should be given as Zakat al-Fitr and that it is the people's customary staple food.
  • It is obligatory to give it out before the Eid prayer, preferably on the morning of Eid, and it is permissible to give it out one or two days before Eid.
Explanation: العربية

أَوْجَبَ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم زكاةَ الفطر بعد رمضان، وهي بمِقْدار صاعٍ يَبلغ وزنه أربعة أمداد. والمُدُّ: مِلْء كَفَّي الرجُل المتوسّط، مِن تمر أو شعير على كل مسلم؛ الحر والعبد، الذكر والأنثى، الصغير والكبير، وذلك لمن عنده ما يَفيض عن قوت يومه وليلته، عن نفسه وعمّن يَعولهم. وأَمَرَ أن تُؤدّى قبل خروج الناس إلى صلاة العيد.

  • زكاة الفطر مِن رمضان يجب أن تُؤدّى عن الصغير والكبير، والحر والمملوك، ويُخاطَب بها الوليّ والسِّيِّد، ويُخْرِجُها الرَّجل عنه وعن أولاده ومَن تَجِب عليه نَفَقتُهم.
  • لا تجب زكاة الفطر عن الجَنين، بل تُستحب.
  • بيان ما يُخرَج في زكاة الفطر، وأنه قوت الناس المعتاد.
  • وجوب إخراجها قبل صلاة العيد، والأفضل أن تكون في صباح العيد، ويجوز إخراجها قبل العيد بيوم أو يومين.

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