Source: HadeethEnc.com, English v1.25.0
Arabic text
عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضيَ اللهُ عنهُما أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ، يَبِيتُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ عِنْدَهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ»، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما: «مَا مَرَّتْ عَلَيَّ لَيْلَةٌ مُنْذُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا وَعِنْدِي وَصِيَّتِي».
Translation
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "It is not proper for a Muslim who has something to bequeath to stay for three nights without having his will written with him." ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) said: "Since I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say this, not a single night has passed without my will being with me."
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed that a Muslim who has any rights or properties to bequeath, even if small, should not spend three nights without having his will written and ready with him. ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) said: I have not spent a single night since I heard the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say that without having my will ready with me.
Benefits
- The legitimacy of making a will and hastening to do so as a means of clarifying it, adhering to the command of the Lawgiver, preparing for death, and contemplating its details and beneficiaries before being distracted by any obstacle.
- Wasiyyah (a will): It means a covenant whereby a person entrusts someone to handle something from his wealth after his death, assigns someone to care for his young children, or entrusts someone with any task or matter he owns after his death.
- The will is classified into three categories: 1. Recommended: A will that allocates part of one's wealth to be spent in charitable causes or acts of kindness, so the reward continues to reach him after his death. 2. Obligatory: A will that includes any owed rights, whether these are the rights due to Allah Almighty, such as unpaid Zakah, expiation, or similar obligations by Islamic law, or rights due to others, such as debts or entrusted items. 3. Prohibited: A will that exceeds one-third of one's wealth or includes a bequest to an heir.
- The merit of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) and his hastening to do good deeds and adherence to the commands of the wise Lawgiver.
- Ibn Daqīq al-‘Eid said: Allowing two or three nights is to alleviate hardship and difficulty.
- Important matters should be documented in writing because it ensures greater accuracy and preserves rights more effectively.
Explanation: العربية
أخبر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه لا ينبغي لمسلم له شيء يوصي فيه من الحقوق أو الأموال ولو كانت قليلة، أن يبيت ثلاث ليال، إلا ووصيته مكتوبة عنده. قال عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما: لم أبت ليلة منذ سمعته صلى الله عليه وسلم قال ذلك إلا وعندي وصيتي.
- مشروعية الوصية والمبادرة إليها، بيانًا لها، وامتثالًا لأمر الشارع فيها، واستعدادًا للموت، وتبصُّرًا بها وبمصرفها، قبل أن يشغله عنها شاغل.
- الوصية: معناها العهد، وهي أن يَعهد الإنسان بعد موته لشخص في تصريف شيء من ماله، أو يَعهد لشخص بالنظر على أولاده الصغار، أو يعهد لشخص في أي شيء من الأعمال التي يملكها بعد موته.
- الوصية ثلاثة أقسام: 1- مستحب، وهي الوصيَّة بشيء من مالِه يُصرف في سبيل الخير، والإحسان؛ ليصل إليه ثوابه بعد وفاته، 2- وواجب، وهي الوصيَّة بما عليه من حقوق، سواء كانت هذه الحقوق لله تعالى، كزكاة لم يُخرجها، أو كفَّارة، ونحوها مما يجب عليه بأصل الشرع، أو كانت هذه الحقوق للآدميين؛ كالدَّيْن، وأداء الأمانات، 3- ومحرَّمة، إذا زاد في وصيته على الثلث من ماله، أو إذا أوصى لوارث.
- فضل ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما، ومبادرته إلى فعل الخير، واتباع الشارع الحكيم.
- قال ابن دقيق العيد: والترخيص في الليلتين والثلاث دفع للحرج والعسر.
- الأشياء المهمة ينبغي أن تضبط بالكتابة؛ لأنها أثبت وأحفظ للحقوق.