Ar-Risalah
Hadith

“There are four (traits); whoever has them is a sheer hypocrite, and whoever has one trait of them has one of the traits of hypocrisy until he gives it up: whenever he speaks, he tells a lie; whenever he makes a covenant, he proves treacherous; whenever he makes a promise, he breaks it; and whenever he is in a dispute, he behaves in a shameless immoral manner

Source: HadeethEnc.com, English v1.25.0

AuthenticNarrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim

Arabic text

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ خَصْلَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ حَتَّى يَدَعَهَا: مَنْ إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وإذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ».

Translation

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are four things; whoever has them is a hypocrite, and if one has a trait of them, he has a trait of hypocrisy until he gives it up: when he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise, he breaks it; when he quarrels, he acts immorally; and when he makes a covenant, he proves treacherous."

Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) warned of four traits; if they are combined in a Muslim, he becomes quite similar to the hypocrites due to them. This applies to a person in whom these traits are dominant, not someone who rarely exhibits any of them. They are: First: When he speaks, he intentionally lies and avoids truthfulness. Second: When he makes a covenant, he does not fulfill it and proves treacherous to the other party. Third: When he makes a promise, he does not keep it; rather, he breaks it. Fourth: When he quarrels and falls into dispute with someone, he acts severely, departs from the truth, turns to deception in his response and argument, and tells falsehood and lies. Hypocrisy is to reveal something different from what is kept hidden. This exists in a person who possesses these traits. His hypocrisy is exercised toward those to whom he speaks or makes a promise or those who entrust him, quarrel with him, or engage in a covenant with him. It is not that he is a hypocrite in terms of Islam, revealing it and concealing Kufr. Whoever possesses one of these traits possesses a trait of hypocrisy until he gives it up.

Benefits

  • The Hadīth demonstrates some signs of hypocrites to intimidate and warn us about falling into them.
  • The bottom line in this Hadīth is that these traits are traits of hypocrisy, and he who possesses them is similar to the hypocrites in these traits and assumes their morals; it does not mean that he is a hypocrite who reveals Islam and conceals Kufr. It was said that this applies to the one in whom these traits are dominant and he takes them lightly and carelessly. Indeed, a person who likes that, mostly has a corrupt creed.
  • Al-Ghazāli said: The core of religion is limited to three things: speech, action, and intention. He pointed out that speech is corrupted by lying, action is corrupted by betrayal, and intention is corrupted by breaking a promise, as for breaking a promise then it isn't blameworthy unless there was an intential intention to break it. However, if he was determined to fulfill the promise and then something prevented him or he changed his mind, this is not a form of hypocrisy.
  • Hypocrisy is of two types: Creedal hypocrisy, which brings one out of Imān; it is to reveal Islam and conceal Kufr. Practical hypocrisy, which is to imitate the manners of hypocrites; it does not bring one out of Imān, though it is a major sin.
  • Ibn Hajar said: The scholars unanimously agreed that if a person is a believer with his heart and tongue, and engages in these traits, he is not judged to be a disbeliever or a hypocrite who shall abide in Hellfire eternally.
  • An-Nawawi said: A group of scholars said: It refers to the hypocrites during the Prophet's lifetime. They spoke about their Imān and lied; they were entrusted with their religion and betrayed it; they gave promises regarding the matter of the religion and its support and broke their promises; and they were immoral in their disputes.
Explanation: العربية

حَذَّرَ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِن أربعِ خِصال إذا اجتمعت في مسلم كان شديدَ الشَّبَهِ بالمنافقين بسبب هذه الخصال، وهذا فيمن كانت هذه الخصال غالبةً عليه، وأما من يَنْدُرُ فليس داخلًا فيه، وهي: الأولى: إذا حَدَّث تعمَّد الكذب وعدم الصدق في كلامه. الثانية: إذا عاهد عهدًا لم يُوْفِ به، وغَدَرَ بصاحبِه. الثالثة: إذا وَعَدَ وَعْدًا لم يَفِ به وأَخلَفَه. الرابعة: إذا تَخَاصَم وتَشَاجَرَ مع أحد كان خصامُه شديدًا، ومالَ عن الحق، واحتال في رده وإبطاله، وقال الباطلَ والكذبَ. فإنّ النفاق هو إظهار ما يُبطِنُ خلافَه، وهذا المعنى موجود في صاحب هذه الخصال، ويكون نفاقُه في حق مَن حَدَّثه، ووعدَه، وائتمنَه، وخاصمَه، وعاهدَه من الناس، لا أنه منافق في الإسلام فيظهره وهو يبطن الكفر، ومن كانت فيه خصلة من هذه الخصال؛ كان فيه صفة من النفاق حتى يَتْركَها.

  • بيان بعض علامات المنافق للتخويف والتحذير من الوقوع فيها.
  • المقصود من الحديث: أن هذه الخصالَ خصالُ نفاق، وصاحبُها شبيهٌ بالمنافقين في هذه الخصال، ومتخلِّق بأخلاقهم، لا أنه منافق يظهر الإسلام وهو يبطن الكفر، وقيل هذا محمول على من غَلَبت عليه هذه الخصال وتهاونَ بها، واستخفَّ بأمرها؛ فإن من كان كذلك كان فاسد الاعتقاد غالبًا.
  • قال الغزالي: أصل الديانة منحصر في ثلاث: القول، والفعل، والنية، فنبَّه على فساد القول بالكذب، وعلى فساد الفعل بالخيانة، وعلى فساد النية بالخُلْف؛ لأن خُلْفَ الوعد لا يقدح إلا إذا كان العزم عليه مقارنًا للوعد، أما لو كان عازمًا ثم عرض له مانع أو بدا له رأيٌ فهذا لم توجد منه صورة النفاق.
  • النفاق نوعان: نفاق اعتقاديٌّ يُخرِجُ صاحبَه عن الإيمان، وهو إظهار الإسلام وإخفاء الكفر، ونفاق عَمَلِيٌّ، وهو التشبُّه بالمنافقين في أخلاقهم، وهذا لا يُخرِجُ صاحبَه عن الإيمان، إلا أنه كبيرة من الكبائر.
  • قال ابن حجر: وقد أجمع العلماء على أن من كان مُصدِّقًا بقلبه ولسانه وفعل هذه الخصال لا يُحكَم عليه بكفر، ولا هو مُنافق يخلد في النار.
  • قال النووي: وقال جماعة من العلماء: المراد به المنافقون الذين كانوا في زمن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فحدَّثوا بإيمانهم، وكذَّبوا، واؤتمنوا على دينهم فخانوا، ووعدوا في أمر الدين ونصره فأخلفوا، وفَجَروا في خصوماتهم.

Topics

Report a mistake

More